掃碼下載APP
及時接收最新考試資訊及
備考信息
為了幫助廣大學員備戰2014年美國CPA考試,正保會計網校精心為大家整理了美國CPA考試各科目練習題,希望能夠提升您的備考效果,祝您學習愉快!
Modified Accrual Accounting
The similarities of modified accrual accounting with commercial GAAP.
Both have equation for statements of financial position/B.S.In modified accrual,“Current assets and deferred outflows of resources=current liabilities and deferred inflows of resources+fund balance”
Both producing operating statements.
Both use historical cost and comply with most GAAP
Both are concerned with safeguarding assets and providing information for internal and external use.
Both can use double entry.
Terminology is similar.
The difference of modified accrual accounting with commercial GAAP
三層皮對一層皮。(“Budgetary accounting+Activity accounting+Encumbrance accounting=government fund accounting” Vs.Commercial accounting)
Governmental funds must comply with both legal statutes and GAAP.
Because governmental funds have NO profit motive,so there are no income determination.
Each fund is a separate entity;a self-balancing set of accounts.
Sources of governmental resources
1st tier Revenue Vs.Other Financing Sources
2nd tier of Revenue include:
Taxes-Income and sales
Taxes–Property and real estate
Fines and penalties
2nd tier of Other Financing sources include:
Debt proceeds(bonds and notes)
Interfund transfers
三層皮概攬
Budget 預算+Activity 活動+Encumbrance占位
預算定總盤,借貸正相反。
訂單要占位,防止沒錢付。
現金支出時,正常記分錄。
若是曾占位,要把占位清。
年底預活轉,占位可跨年。
Budgetary accounting is used to control expenditures and to account for the levy of taxes sufficient to cover estimated expenditures.The major features of budgetary accounting are the use of budgetary accounts and the use of encumbrances.
Budgetary accounting is used to control expenditures and to account for the levy of taxes sufficient to cover estimated expenditures.The major features of budgetary accounting are the use of budgetary accounts and the use of encumbrances.
Encumbrances. Open purchases orders represent an encumbrance or reduction of the appropriations of a government.In order for governmental managers to effectively monitor the degree to which they have used their budgetary appropriations,governmental accounting systems reflect not only the expenditures but also the obligations to spend (purchase orders)。This is done to prevent overspending of appropriations.
Budgetary accounts are “estimated accounts,”which are the opposite (in terms of “natural” debit and credit balances)from “real,”“proprietary,”or “actual” accounts.
Budgetary accounts are posted only twice during the year(unless a supplemental appropriation is made)
Estimated revenues–appropriations=Budgetary control(an Equity account)
At the beginning of the year
Dr.Estimated revenue control
Dr.Estimated other financing sources
Dr./Cr.Budgetary control
Cr.Appropriations control
Cr.Estimated other financing uses
At the end of the year,the budget is reversed and closed.The entry‘s debit and credit are reversed.The accounts and amount are exactly SAME.
Governmental fund revenues are recorded when measurable and available.
Available means the collection period does NOT exceed 60 days after fiscal year-end.
Governmental fund revenues often arise from non-exchange transactions.
Non-exchange transaction is a transaction in which a government gives or receives value without directly giving or receiving equal value in return.
There are four classifications of non-exchange revenues that serve as the basis for most government fund resources.特點:No underlying exchange transaction for those revenue.
Derived Non-exchange Tax Revenue.所得稅與流轉稅。Accrued and recognized as revenue if
a)measurable,b)due at year end,c)actually received within 60 days of year end.
Imposed Non-exchange Revenue. 財產稅與罰款。Accrued and recognized if a)billed.
Government Mandated Non-exchange Transactions.上級政府專項拔款。類似中央財政向寧夏下拔引黃干渠維護專項資金。條件是干渠日常維護達到中央設定標準。Accrued and recognized as revenue if a)measurable,b)available,c) Eligibility requirements are met.
Voluntary Non-exchange Transactions.政府間自愿劃拔。北京市向西藏劃拔資金,支援西藏中學建設。Accrued and recognized as revenue if a)restriction are met
Governmental funds revenue recognition summary:
Billed/Recorded:Imposed non-exchange revenues(Real estate taxes,fines and penalties)
Received:Derived tax revenue(income taxes,sales taxes)
Earned:Cash have been collected in advance.Or collection is sured.
Accrual of real property tax
Dr.Real property taxes receivable–current 1800K
Cr.Revenues–property taxes 1620K
Cr.Allowance for uncollectible taxes receivable–current 180K
Collection of real property tax
Dr.Cash 1458K
Cr.Real property taxes receivable–current 1458K
Reclassify receivables to delinquent:
Dr.Property taxes receivable–delinquent 342K
Cr.Property taxes receivable–current 342K
Adjust revenue of real property tax
Dr.Revenues–property taxes 162K
Dr.Allowance for uncollectible taxes–current 180K
Cr.Property taxes receivable–delinquent 342K
Expenditures=Operating expenditures+Capital purchase+Debt services payments
Copyright © 2000 - m.electedteal.com All Rights Reserved. 北京正保會計科技有限公司 版權所有
京B2-20200959 京ICP備20012371號-7 出版物經營許可證 京公網安備 11010802044457號
套餐D大額券
¥
去使用 主站蜘蛛池模板: 亚洲综合视频一区 | 一级毛片免费版 | 久久电影天堂 | 亚洲精品视频免费观看 | 成人在线视频免费 | 精品视频一区二区 | 久久久久国产精品一区三寸 | 欧美午夜精品一区二区三区 | 精品国产31久久久久久 | 久久懂色精品99综一区合 | 国产成人免费视频 | 日韩一区二区视频 | 欧美一区二区三区啪啪 | 91精品国产92久久久久 | 日本一区二区三区久久 | 亚洲一级免费视频 | 欧美日韩激情在线一区二区三区 | 黄色大片网站视频 | 黄色小视频在线观看 | 好看的中文字幕第一页 | 亚洲欧美日韩三级 | 中文字幕一区二区三区乱码图片 | 欧美综合视频在线 | 欧美精品中文字幕久久二区 | 国产91在线 | 亚洲 | 日韩欧美一区二区三区久久婷婷 | 亚洲欧洲无码一区二区三区 | 亚洲精品电影网在线观看 | 亚洲第一视频 | 色婷婷综合国产精品一区 | 91福利国产在线观看菠萝蜜 | 黄色片免费在线观看 | 黄色成人在线看 | 久久新 | 亚洲成人基地 | 日韩成人一区 | 国产欧美高清在线观看 | 97精品欧美一区二区三区 | 日韩精品免费在线视频 | 国产精品第一国产精品 | 色免费在线视频 |