Human resource management

1．High-performance work practices：高績效工作實務

Work practices that lead to both high individual and high organizational performance.

一種工作實務，能導致個人績效和組織績效的同時提升

2．Human resource management process：人力資源管理程序

Activities necessary for staffing the organization and sustaining high employee performance.

組織選配到合格員工并使之保持高績效水平所不可或缺的必要活動。

3．Labor union：工會

An organization that represents workers and protect their interests through collective bargaining.

代表工人利益的機構，它試圖通過集體討價還價談判保護工人的利益。

4．Affirmative action：反優先雇傭行動計劃

Programs that enhance the organizational status of members of protected groups.

是提高被保護團體成員的地位的規則。

5．Human resource planning：人力資源規劃

The process by which managers ensure that they have the right number and kinds of people in the right places， who are capable of effectively and efficiently performing assigned tasks.

管理者為確保在適當的時候，為適當的職位配備適當數量和類型的工作人員，并使他們能夠有效完成所分派任務的一個過程。

6、Job analysis：職務分析

An assessment that defines jobs and the behaviors necessary to perform them.

定義了組織中的職務及履行職務所需的行為。

7、Job description：職務說明書

A written statement of what a jobholder does， how it is done.

是對任職者做什么、怎么做和為什么做的書面說明。

8、Job specification：職務規范

A statement of the minimum qualifications that a person must possess to perform a given job successfully.

指明任職者要成功地開展某項工作必須擁有何種至低限度可以接受的資格標準。

9、Recruitment：招聘

The process of locating， identifying， and attracting capable applicants.

就是安置、確定和吸引有能力申請者的活動過程。

10、Decruitment：解聘

Techniques for reducing the labor supply within an organization.

減少組織中雇傭員工的活動。

11、Selection process：甄選過程

The process of screening job applicants to ensure that the most appropriate candidates are hired.

對申請者進行甄別和篩選，以確保至合適的候選人被雇傭的過程。

12、Validity：效度

The proven relationship that exists between a selection device and some relevant job criterion.

必須在甄選手段和有關工作標準之間存在能被證明的相關關系。

13、Reliability：信度

The ability of a selection device to measure the same thing consistently.

指明一種手段是否能對同一事物作出持續一致的測量。

14、Work sampling：工作抽樣

A selection device in which job applicants are presented with a miniature replica of a job and are asked to perform tasks that are central to it.

就是給申請者提供一項職務的縮樣復制物，讓他們完成該項職務的一種或多種核心任務

15、Assessment centers：評價中心

Places in which job candidates undergo performance-simulation tests that evaluate managerial potential.

是用以測評職務應聘者管理潛能的另一種方式的績效模擬測試法發生的場所。

16、Realistic job preview（RJP）：真實工作預覽

A preview of a job that provides both positive and negative information about the job and the company.

對工作的提前告之，包括關于工作與公司的有利和不利兩方面的信息。

17、Orientation：上崗引導

Introduction of a new employee to his or her job and the organization.

對新員工所做的組織與工作入門介紹。

18、Performance management system：績效管理系統

A process of establishing performance standards and evaluating performance in order to arrive at objective human resource decisions as well as to provide documentation to support those decisions.

是指建立績效標準，據以評價員工的績效，以便形成客觀公正的人力資源決策并提供支持這些決策的文件的過程。

19、Written essay：書面描述發法

A performance appraisal technique in which an evaluator writes out a description of an employee‘s strengths and weaknesses， past performance， and potential.

是指考評者以書面形式描述一個員工的所長、所短、過去的績效和潛能，并提供改進建議的一種績效評估方法。

20、Critical incidents：關鍵事件法

A performance appraisal technique in which the evaluator focuses on the critical behaviors that separate effective from ineffective job performance.

考評者將注意力集中在那些區分有效的和無效的工作績效的關鍵行為方面。

21、Graphic rating scales：評分表法

A performance appraisal technique in which an employee is rated on a set of performance factors.

用一系列績效因素考評員工的績效評價技術。

22、Behaviorally anchored rating scales（BARS）：行為定位評分法

A performance appraisal technique that appraises an employee on examples of actual job behavior.

以某人從事某項職務的具體行為為例考評員工績效的技術。

23、Multiperson comparisons：多人比較法

Performance appraisal techniques that compare one individual‘s performance with that of one or more other individuals.

將一個員工的工作績效與一個或多個其他人做比較的考評技術。

24、Group order ranking：分組排序法

A multiperson comparison that requires the evaluator to place employees into a particular classification.

要求考評者按特定的分組將員工編入一定次序中。

25、Individual ranking：個體排序法

A multiperson comparison that requires the evaluator to list employees in order from lowest to highest.

要求考評者將員工按從高到低的順序加以排列。

26、Paired comparison：配對比較法

A multiperson comparison in which each employee is compared with every other employee in the comparison group and rated as either the superior or weaker member of the pair.

每個員工都一一與比較組中的其他每一位員工結對進行比較，評出其中的優者和劣者。

27、360 degree feedback：三百六十度反饋法

a performance appraisal method that utilizes feedback from supervisors， employees， and co-workers.

利用從上司、員工本人、極其同事處得來的反饋意見進行績效評估的一種方法。

28、Skill-based pay：基于技能的薪酬

A pay system that rewards employees for the job skills they can demonstrate.

按員工所展示的工作技巧和能力確定報酬水平。

29、Career：職業

A sequence of positions held by a person during his or her lifetime.

一個人在其一生中所承擔職務的相繼歷程。

30、Sexual harassment：性騷擾

Any unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual‘s employment.

一種不期望的帶有性色彩的行為。

31、Family-friendly benefits：益于家庭的福利

Benefits that accommodate employees‘ needs for work-life balance.

有利于員工需要與工作相融合、實現工作生活平衡的福利。

32、Dual-career couples：雙職工家庭

Couples in which both partners have a professional， managerial， or administrative occupation.

夫妻雙方都有工作，他們或是專業人員，或是行政人員的家庭。

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